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24 Multiple-coated parfocal high-performance optical system with two parallel beam paths available zoom 12.51 magnifications ranging from 8X to 100X various stages including rotatable polarization stage field diameter ranges from 0.4 mm to 52.5 mm resolution is 375 line-pairsmm with 1.0X plano or planapochromatic objective and 600 line-pairsmm with 1.6X planopochromatic objective. Gatan Model 691 precision ion polishing systems PIPS Two penning Ar ion guns with rare earth magnets milling angles range from -10 to 10 degrees with each gun independently adjustable ion beam energy ranges from 1 kV to 6 kV ion current density is 100 mAcm2 at the peak accommodates two sample size 2.3 mm and 3 mm LN2 specimen cooling set up to produce conventional TEM specimens with large electron transparent areas. Gatan Model 695 PIPS-2 Two penning Ar ion guns with low energy focusing electrodes milling angles can be changed from -10 to 10 degrees for each gun independently ion beam energies range from 100 eV to 8 kV ion current density is 100 mAcm2 at the peak whisperlock with X Y stage to center the region of interest for repolish digital zoom microscope that operate in real time during milling color image stage in digital micrograph accommodates 2.3 mm and 3 mm conventional TEM disks and FIB lamella LN2 specimen cooling set up as a postprocessing step for FIB lamella to remove FIB Ga ion beam damage. Gatan Model 682 precision etching and coating system Three penning ion guns with miniature rare earth magnets ion beam energy ranges from 1 kV to 10 kV ion current density for etch gun is up to 3 mAcm2 and for coating gun is up to 10 mAcm2 each Etched area ranges from 7 to 10 mm depending on gun energy coating area is uniform over a 1 inch diameter standard coating materials are C Cr Pt Pd Au accepts 1.25 metallographic mounts and most SEM stubs.