Joshua Daw

Profile Information
Publications:
"In-pile OFDR Sensing with Fiber Bragg Gratings in Sapphire Optical Fiber" Kelly McCary, Brandon Wilson, Joshua Daw, Pattrick Calderoni, Christian Petrie, ANS Winter Meeting and Nuclear Technology Expo Vol. [unknown]
Optical fibers provide a variety of options for instrumentation in reactor environments. Multiple physical phenomena can be measured using optical fibers including, temperature, strain, pressure, and fluid level. Optical fibers are advantageous because they are immune to electromagnetic interference, have a small diameter (~125 µm), and have a fast response. This work investigates temperature sensing with sapphire optical fiber in the Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR). Specifically, this work investigates temperature sensing, using the Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) sensing technique. A Luna Innovations Optical Backscatter Reflectometer (OBR) 4600, was used with sapphire optical fibers with an internal cladding and that were inscribed with type-II fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The sapphire fiber optic temperature sensors were irradiated in the central irradiation facility (CIF) of the OSURR for five days and received a total fluence of approximately 2.5x1018 n/cm2 and a gamma dose of approximately 3.48 Grad. The temperature was uncontrolled and the maximum temperature of the air in the CIF reached approximately 80 ºC, as measured by a k-type thermocouple. Further development and characterization of the cladding process will enable the deployment of nearsingle mode sapphire optical fiber as high temperature radiation resistant sensors.
"In-pile OFDR Sensing with Fiber Bragg Gratings in Sapphire Optical Fiber" Kelly McCary, Thomas Blue, Brandon Wilson, Joshua Daw, Pattrick Calderoni, Christian Petrie, Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Vol. [unknown]
"In-situ measurement of irradiation behavior in LiNbO3" Marat Khafizov, Aleksandr Chernatynskiy, Gaofeng Sha, Joshua Daw, Cole Harlow, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Vol. 472 2020 46-52 Link
In-situ measurement of LiNbO3 based surface acoustic wave (SAW) crystal resonator device under irradiation was demonstrated and used to characterize the impact of radiation on physical properties of this material. The resonant frequency of the SAW device was monitored as the output power of the reactor was varied. Upon step increase of the reactor power, a gradual shift in the device’s resonant frequency was observed. This frequency shift initially exhibits a linear growth and eventually reaches an equilibrium value proportional to the reactor power. The observed behavior can be attributed to two competing processes: increase of temperature due to gamma heating or accumulation of irradiation induced defects. In both cases, the response is attributed to changes in the physical properties of LiNbO3, particularly the elastic constants. This demonstrated ability to measure materials properties under irradiation is attractive for development of sensors and performing materials science under irradiation.
"Irradiation Testing of Piezoelectric (Aluminum Nitride, Zinc Oxide, and Bismuth Titanate) and Magnetostrictive Sensors (Remendur and Galfenol)" Joshua Daw, Brian Reinhardt, Bernhard Tittmann, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. 65 2018 Link
"Irradiation Testing of Ultrasonic Transducers" Joshua Daw, Gordon Kohse, Joe Palmer, Pradeep Ramuhalli, Brian Reinhardt, Joy Rempe, Bernhard Tittmann, Robert Montgomery, Jean-Francois Villard, H. T. Chien, ANIMMA 2013 Special Edition, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. 61 2013 1-7 Link
Ultrasonic technologies offer the potential for high accuracy and resolution in-pile measurement of numerous parameters, including geometry changes, temperature, crack initiation and growth, gas pressure and composition, and microstructural changes. Many Department of Energy-Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) programs are exploring the use of ultrasonic technologies to provide enhanced sensors for in-pile instrumentation during irradiation testing. For example, the ability of single, small diameter ultrasonic thermometers (UTs) to provide a temperature profile in candidate metallic and oxide fuel would provide much needed data for validating new fuel performance models. Other efforts include an ultrasonic technique to detect morphology changes (such as crack initiation and growth) and acoustic techniques to evaluate fission gas composition and pressure. These efforts are limited by the lack of existing knowledge of ultrasonic transducer material survivability under irradiation conditions. To address this need, the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) was awarded an Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF) project to evaluate promising magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducer performance in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR) up to a fast fluence of at least 1021 n/cm2 (E> 0.1 MeV). This test will be an instrumented lead test; and real-time transducer performance data will be collected along with temperature and neutron and gamma flux data. By characterizing magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducer survivability during irradiation, test results will enable the development of novel radiation tolerant ultrasonic sensors for use in Material and Test Reactors (MTRs). The current work bridges the gap between proven out-of-pile ultrasonic techniques and in-pile deployment of ultrasonic sensors by acquiring the data necessary to demonstrate the performance of ultrasonic transducers.
"Progress towards developing neutron tolerant magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers" Brian Reinhardt, Bernhard Tittmann, Joy Rempe, Joshua Daw, Gordon Kohse, David Carpenter, Michael Ames, Yakov Ostrovsky, Pradeep Ramuhalli, Robert Montgomery, Hualte Chien, Bernard Wernsman, AIP Conference Proceedings Vol. 1650 2015 1512-1520 Link
Current generation light water reactors (LWRs), sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs), small modular reactors (SMRs), and next generation nuclear plants (NGNPs) produce harsh environments in and near the reactor core that can severely tax material performance and limit component operational life. To address this issue, several Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) research programs are evaluating the long duration irradiation performance of fuel and structural materials used in existing and new reactors. In order to maximize the amount of information obtained from Material Testing Reactor (MTR) irradiations, DOE is also funding development of enhanced instrumentation that will be able to obtain in-situ, real-time data on key material characteristics and properties, with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Such data are required to validate new multi-scale, multi-physics modeling tools under development as part of a science-based, engineering driven approach to reactor development. It is not feasible to obtain high resolution/microscale data with the current state of instrumentation technology. However, ultrasound-based sensors offer the ability to obtain such data if it is demonstrated that these sensors and their associated transducers are resistant to high neutron flux, high gamma radiation, and high temperature. To address this need, the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATRNSUF) is funding an irradiation, led by PSU, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor to test the survivability of ultrasound transducers. As part of this effort, PSU and collaborators have designed, fabricated, and provided piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are optimized to perform in harsh, high flux, environments. Four piezoelectric transducers were fabricated with either aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, or bismuth titanate as the active element that were coupled to either Kovar or aluminum waveguides and two magnetostrictive transducers were fabricated with Remendur or Galfenol as the active elements. Pulse-echo ultrasonic measurements of these transducers are made insitu. This paper will present an overview of the test design including selection criteria for candidate materials and optimization of test assembly parameters, data obtained from both out-of-pile and in-pile testing at elevated temperatures, and an assessment based on initial data of the expected performance of ultrasonic devices in irradiation conditions.
"Radiation resistant fiber Bragg grating in random air-line fibers for sensing applications in nuclear reactor cores" David Carpenter, Lin-wen Hu, Joshua Daw, Kevin Chen, OSA Publishing, Optics Express Vol. 26 2018 11775 Link
"Updated Results of Ultrasonic Transducer Irradiation Test" Joshua Daw, Gordon Kohse, Joe Palmer, Brian Reinhardt, Joy Rempe, Pradeep Ramuhalli, Paul Keller, Robert Montgomery, Hual-Te Chien, Bernhard Tittmann, Jean-Francois Villard, ANIMMA - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Vol. 2015 Link
Ultrasonic technologies offer the potential for high accuracy and resolution in-pile measurement of a range of parameters, including geometry changes, temperature, crack initiation and growth, gas pressure and composition, and microstructural changes. Many Department of Energy-Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) programs are exploring the use of ultrasonic technologies to provide enhanced sensors for in-pile instrumentation during irradiation testing. For example, the ability of small diameter ultrasonic thermometers (UTs) to provide a temperature profile in candidate metallic and oxide fuel would provide much needed data for validating new fuel performance models. These efforts are limited by the lack of identified ultrasonic transducer materials capable of long term performance under irradiation test conditions. To address this need, the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) was awarded an Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF) project to evaluate the performance of promising magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR) up to a fast fluence of at least 10{sup 21} n/cm{sup 2}. A multi-National Laboratory collaboration funded by the Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies Advanced Sensors and Instrumentation (NEET-ASI) program also provided initial support for this effort. This irradiation, which started in February 2014, is an instrumented lead test and real-time transducer performance data are collected along with temperature and neutron and gamma flux data. The irradiation is ongoing and will continue to approximately mid-2015. To date, very encouraging results have been attained as several transducers continue to operate under irradiation.
Presentations:
"Advanced In-pile Instrumentation for Materials Testing Reactors" Joshua Daw, 2013 Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurements Methods June 23-27, (2013)
"Enhanced In-pile Instrumentation at the Advanced Test Reactor" Joshua Daw, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications June 6-6, (2011)
"Enhanced Instrumentation for Materials and Test Reactor" Joshua Daw, Joy Rempe, Troy Unruh, ANS July 22-26, (2012)
"Hot Wire Needle Probe for In-Pile Thermal Conductivity Detection" Heng Ban, Joshua Daw, Joy Rempe, 7th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human Machine Interface Technologies November 7-11, (2010)
"Irradiation behavior of piezoelectric materials for nuclear reactor sensors" Marat Khafizov, Gaofeng Sha, Cole Harlow, Aleksandr Chernatynskiy, Joshua Daw, Radiation Effects in Insulators August 19-23, (2019)
"Irradiation Testing of Ultrasonic Transducers" Joshua Daw, Gordon Kohse, Joe Palmer, Pradeep Ramuhalli, Brian Reinhardt, Joy Rempe, Bernhard Tittmann, 2013 Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurements Methods (ANIMMA 2013) June 23-27, (2013)
"Irradiation Testing of Ultrasonic Transducers to Enable In-Core Ultrasonic Instrumentation Deployment" Joshua Daw, National Academies Keck Future Initiative Conference on Advanced Nuclear Technologies [unknown]
"Melt Wire Sensors Available to Determine Peak Temperatures in ATR Irradiation Testing" Joshua Daw, 8th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human Machine Interface Technologies July 22-26, (2014)
"Progress towards Developing Neutron Tolerant Magnetostrictive and Piezoelectric Transducers" Michael Ames, David Carpenter, Joshua Daw, Gordon Kohse, Yakov Ostrovsky, Brian Reinhardt, Joy Rempe, Bernhard Tittmann, 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation Conference, July 20-25, (2014)
"Temperature Monitoring Options Available at the Idaho National Laboratory Advanced Test Reactor" Joshua Daw, Joy Rempe, ASTM May 19-23, (2012)
"The Purpose, Experimental Design, and Expected Impact of the ATR-NSUF Ultrasonic Transducer Irradiation Experiment" Joshua Daw, Bernhard Tittmann, ATR NSUF User's Week 2013 June 10-14, (2013)
"Ultrasonic transducers for harsh environments" Bernhard Tittmann, Brian Reinhardt, Joshua Daw, Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2016 IEEE International September 18-21, (2016) Link
NSUF Articles:
DOE Awards Eight CINR NSUF Projects - Projects include $3M in access grants and R&D funding Monday, July 6, 2020 - Calls and Awards
CINR Awards Announced - Eight projects were selected Projects will take advantage of NSUF capabilities to investigate important nuclear fuel and material applications. Thursday, June 27, 2019 - Calls and Awards