Synchrotron extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy measurements were performed to study the dose dependence of and alloying effects on irradiation-induced changes in the local atomic environments in a mod.9Cr–1Mo ferritic-martensitic steel. The measurements were carried out at room temperature on non-irradiated and irradiated specimens exposed to 1, 4, and 10 displacement per atom (dpa) at 40–70 °C. The EXAFS data for Fe, Cr, Mo, and Nb K-edges were recorded, and the local structure close to the X-ray absorbing atom was determined. Irradiation caused significant reductions in peak amplitude in the Fe, Mo and Nb K-edge Fourier transformed EXAFS. The data showed a systematic decrease in coordination number of neighbor atoms with increasing irradiation dose, and the dose dependence of the coordination loss was dependent on the specific element. The measured damage around Fe sites can be correlated with the dpa value, while the loss of near neighbors around Mo saturated at ~1 dpa. The coordination in the Fe matrix was reduced less by irradiation than either the coordination of Mo in solution or Nb in carbides. It was demonstrated that EXAFS can provide a detailed, atomic level description of radiation damage in complex alloy systems
"Using a spherical crystallite model with vacancies to relate local atomic structure to irradiation defects in ZrC and ZrN"
Todd Allen, Hasitha Ganegoda, Daniel Olive, Jeff Terry, Yong Yang, Clayton Dickerson,
Journal of Nuclear Materials
Vol. 475
2016
123-131
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Zirconium carbide and zirconium nitride are candidate materials for new fuel applications due to several favorable physicochemical properties. ZrC and ZrN samples were irradiated at the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility with neutrons at 800 °C to a dose of 1 dpa. Structural examinations have been made of the ZrC samples using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the findings compared with a previous study of ZrC irradiated with protons at 800 °C. The use of X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to characterize the radiation damage was also explored including a model based on spherical crystallites that can be used to relate EXAFS measurements to microscopy observations. A loss of coordination at more distant coordination shells was observed for both ZrC and ZrN, and a model using small spherical crystallites suggested this technique can be used to study dislocation densities in future studies of irradiated materials.
