Arthur Motta is the Chair of the Graduate Nuclear Engineering Program and a Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering at Penn State University. He holds degrees in Mechanical Engineering and Nuclear Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. Before joining the Penn State faculty in 1992, he worked as a research associate for the CEA at the Centre for Nuclear Studies in Grenoble, France, for two years and as a post-doctoral fellow for AECL at Chalk River Laboratories in Canada.
Prof. Motta works in the area of radiation damage and environmental degradation to materials with specific emphasis in Zr alloys, with current projects in the areas of mechanical testing, corrosion and radiation damage. He has special interests in using advanced characterization techniques such as x-ray scattering from synchrotron radiation sources, transmission electron microscopy, and in situ irradiation to discern fundamental mechanisms of corrosion and radiation damage.
Prof. Motta is a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) and in 2015 he received the Mishima Award from the ANS for outstanding contributions in research and development work on nuclear fuel and materials. In 2016 he was awarded the ASTM William J. Kroll Medal for sustained impactful contributions to zirconium metallurgy including corrosion, hydriding, mechanical properties and irradiation effects.
"Application of NSUF Capabilities Towards Understanding the Emulation of High Dose Neutron Irradiations with Ion Beams" Kevin Field, Stephen Taller, Christopher Ulmer, Zhijie Jiao, Tarik Saleh, Arthur Motta, Gary Was, Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Vol. 116 2017 Link | ||
"Characterization of faulted dislocation loops and cavities in ion irradiated alloy 800H" Christopher Ulmer, Arthur Motta, Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 498 2018 458-467 Link | ||
"Characterization of microstructure and property evolution in advanced cladding and duct: Materials exposed to high dose and elevated temperature"
Todd Allen, Zhijie Jiao, Djamel Kaoumi, Janelle Wharry, cem topbasi, Aaron Kohnert, Leland Barnard, Alicia Certain, Kevin Field, Gary Was, Dane Morgan, Arthur Motta, Brian Wirth, Yong Yang,
Journal of Materials Research
Vol. 30
2015
1246-1274
Link
Designing materials for performance in high-radiation fields can be accelerated through a carefully chosen combination of advanced multiscale modeling paired with appropriate experimental validation. The studies reported in this work, the combined efforts of six universities working together as the Consortium on Cladding and Structural Materials, use that approach to focus on improving the scientific basis for the response of ferritic–martensitic steels to irradiation. A combination of modern modeling techniques with controlled experimentation has specifically focused on improving the understanding of radiation-induced segregation, precipitate formation and growth under radiation, the stability of oxide nanoclusters, and the development of dislocation networks under radiation. Experimental studies use both model and commercial alloys, irradiated with both ion beams and neutrons. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe are combined with both first-principles and rate theory approaches to advance the understanding of ferritic–martensitic steels. |
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"Emulation of neutron-irradiated microstructure of austenitic 21Cr32Ni model alloy using dual-ion irradiation" Muhammet Ayanoglu, Arthur Motta, Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 570 2022 Link | ||
"Microbeam X-ray Absorption Near-edge Spectroscopy of Alloying Elements in the Oxide Layers of Irradiated Zircaloy-2" Aditya Shivprasad, Arthur Motta, Aylin Kucuk, Suresh Yagnik, Zhonghou Cai, OSTI.gov, Vol. 2018 Link | ||
"Microstructural evolution of the 21Cr32Ni model alloy under irradiation" M. Ayanoglu, Arthur Motta, Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 510 2018 297-311 Link |
"Microbeam X-ray Absorption Near-edge Spectroscopy of Alloying Elements in the Oxide Layers of Irradiated Zircaloy-2" Arthur Motta, Aylin Kucuk, Conference: 18th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry May 15-19, (2016) Link |
U.S. Department of Energy Announces FY17 CINR FOA Awards - DOE selected 14 NSUF projects DOE selected five university, four national laboratory, and five industry-led projects that will take advantage of NSUF capabilities to investigate important nuclear fuel and material applications. Wednesday, September 20, 2017 - Calls and Awards |
NSUF awards 28 Rapid Turnaround Experiment proposals - Approximately $1.74M has been awarded. The new call closes June 28. Thursday, June 1, 2023 - Calls and Awards |
"Discerning the effect of various irradiation modes on the corrosion of Zircaloy-4" Bruce Kammenzind, Richard Smith, Arthur Motta, Matthieu Aumand, Damien Kaczorowski, Mukesh Bachhav, Gary Was, Peng Wang, [2025] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155505 | |
"Modeling hydrogen localization in Zircaloy cladding subjected to temperature gradients" Miaomiao Jin, Arthur T. Motta, Katheren R.B. Nantes, [2024] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154853 | |
"Mechanisms of Mesoscale Hydride Morphology and Reorientation in a Polycrystal Investigated Using Phase-Field Modeling"
Long-Qing Chen, Mark R. Daymond, Arthur T. Motta, Michael R. Tonks, Pierre-Clément A. Simon,
[2023]
· DOI: 10.1520/stp164520220069
This study focuses on the precipitation of nanoscale hydrides in polycrystalline zirconium as a first step to predicting the hydride morphology observed experimentally and investigating the mechanisms responsible for hydride reorientation at the mesoscale. A quantitative phase-field model, which includes the elastic anisotropy of the nanoscale zirconium hydride system, is developed to investigate the mechanism of hydride reorientation in which the presence of an applied hoop stress promotes hydride precipitation in grains with basal poles aligned with the circumferential direction. Although still elongated along the basal plane of the hexagonal matrix, nanoscale hydrides growing in grains oriented perpendicular to the applied stress appear radial at the mesoscale. Thus, a preferential hydride precipitation in grains with basal poles aligned parallel to the applied stress could account for mesoscale hydride reorientation. This mechanism is consistent with experimental observations performed in other studies. |
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"Determination of the hydrogen heat of transport in Zircaloy-4" Pei-Hsun Huang, Victor Petrov, Annalisa Manera, Taehwan Ahn, Bruce Kammenzind, Arthur T. Motta, Soyoung Kang, [2023] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.154122 | |
"Ion irradiation induced amorphization of precipitates in Zircaloy" P. Wang, G.S. Was, M. Bachhav, A.T. Motta, J. Bowman, [2022] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.153988 | |
"Emulation of neutron-irradiated microstructure of austenitic 21Cr32Ni model alloy using dual-ion irradiation" Arthur T. Motta, Muhammet Ayanoglu, [2022] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.153944 | |
"Characterization of Long-Term, In-Reactor Zircaloy-4 Corrosion Coupons and the Impact of Flux, Fluence, and Temperature on Oxide Growth, Stress Development, Phase Formation, and Grain Size"
Gene Lucadamo, John R. Seidensticker, Ram Bajaj, Zhonghou Cai, Arthur T. Motta, Brendan Ensor,
[2021]
· DOI: 10.1520/stp162220190038
Eleven Zircaloy-4 samples were irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor at a variety of temperatures and neutron flux levels for up to 6.5 years. Subsequently, the coupons were characterized with complementary techniques to understand the mechanisms behind oxide growth as a function of different corrosion environments. Samples were examined using synchrotron X-ray diffraction/fluorescence, traditional X-ray diffraction, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy serial sectioning, and three-dimensional reconstruction to develop an improved understanding of the influence of the underlying oxide microstructure on oxide growth. The oxide microstructure formed under irradiation was compared to that in samples corroded in an autoclave to discern the impact of neutron irradiation and temperature on corrosion rate, oxide kinetic transition, irradiation-induced breakaway corrosion, stress development, phase formation, and oxide grain size. The microstructure of the oxide changed with the corrosion temperature, with larger crack spacing (characteristic of kinetic transition) and larger monoclinic oxide grains formed during higher temperature corrosion. The specimens that were exposed to a neutron flux exhibited larger oxide grains and an increase in the fraction of tetragonal phase at the metal-oxide interface (but less tetragonal phase in the bulk oxide) compared to those exposed in autoclave. Data obtained from electron microscopy demonstrated the effect of irradiation and corrosion temperature on oxide morphology. One specimen underwent an irradiated-induced breakaway oxidation that was characterized by a sharp change in the corrosion rate and a decrease in the spacing between adjacent crack layers in the oxide film. Stress is hypothesized to be a key driver in the oxide growth formation, with samples nearer transition having more plastic deformation in the metal and increased elastic strain. These observations lead to a theory of oxide growth on zirconium alloys that attempts to connect and integrate the effects of stress, irradiation, temperature, phase formation, crystal orientation, porosity, and precipitate amorphization. |
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"Corrosion and Ion Irradiation Behavior of Ceramic-Coated Nuclear Fuel Cladding"
Jing Hu, Douglas E. Wolfe, Arthur T. Motta, Ece Alat,
[2021]
· DOI: 10.1520/stp162220190029
Recent concern with fuel safety in accident scenarios has motivated research into accident tolerant fuels (ATF), which are defined as fuels that could increase coping time in case of an accident. This study is an attempt to develop an ATF by improving the corrosion performance of nuclear fuel cladding during a high-temperature excursion through the application of a ceramic coating using physical vapor deposition. In this study, ceramic coatings constituted of single-layer and multi-layer TiN/TiAlN coatings with a titanium bond coat layer to improve adhesion were applied onto ZIRLO sheets using cathodic arc physical vapor deposition. The coating architecture and deposition parameters were systematically optimized to achieve good adhesion and corrosion performance, and an initial evaluation was performed for resistance to radiation damage. The coating performance was highly dependent on coating design architecture, and the best coating architecture was found to be that of eight-layer TiN/TiAlN coatings deposited with optimized parameters. The optimized coatings were corrosion tested in 360°C water for up to 90 days, showing essentially no oxygen penetration, very low weight gain, and no spallation or debonding. The samples were also examined in microscopy and X-ray diffraction after corrosion testing, and little change was observed. To evaluate the coating performance under irradiation, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy samples of the coating were subjected to in situ ion irradiation to a dose of 20 dpa with 1 MeV Kr ions at 300°C, followed by further annealing to 800°C. Little interlayer mixing and overall damage accumulation was observed. Coating adhesion was investigated through scratch testing and post-scratched sample failure mode characterization to determine a critical load value for spallation. The coating layers are found to require a high load for debonding and spallation. The results suggest that this optimized coating system is a promising path for developing an ATF. |
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"Zirconium Hydride Precipitation and Dissolution Kinetics in Zirconium Alloys"
Pierre-Clément A. Simon, Arthur T. Motta, Jonathan D. Almer, Evrard Lacroix,
[2021]
· DOI: 10.1520/stp162220190035
Hydride precipitation may impact the integrity of zirconium-based nuclear fuel cladding, both during normal operation and during extended dry storage. To better understand such degradation, a study of hydride precipitation of zirconium hydrides in Zircaloy-4 samples was performed. The samples were submitted to various thermomechanical cycles using both in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed that as the hydrided samples were cooled at moderate to fast cooling rates, the hydrogen content in solid solution (CSS) decreased, following the terminal solid solubility for precipitation (TSSP) curve, reflecting hydride precipitation in the matrix. However, when the samples were held for an isothermal anneal at a fixed temperature, the CSS continued to decrease below TSSP and approached the terminal solid solubility for dissolution (TSSD). This result suggests that TSSP is a kinetic limit and that a unique solubility limit TSSD governs zirconium hydride precipitation. Hydride precipitation rate and the degree of precipitation reaction completion between 280 and 350°C were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. Using this data, a temperature-time transformation diagram for hydride precipitation in Zircaloy-4 was generated that showed that hydride precipitation is diffusion-driven under 310°C and reaction-driven above 310°C. The experimental data were fitted to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model and an Avrami parameter of 2.56 was obtained (2.5 is the theoretical value for the growth of platelets). Results imply that hydride nucleation occurs if CSS is greater than TSSP while hydride growth occurs if preexisting hydride platelets are present and CSS is above TSSD. Combined with existing theory, these data were used to develop the hydride growth, nucleation, and dissolution model that can simulate hydrogen behavior in Zircaloy. |
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"Implementation and Validation of the Hydride Nucleation-Growth-Dissolution (HNGD) model in BISON" Evrard Lacroix, Giovanni Pastore, Arthur T. Motta, Florian Passelaigue, [2021] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152683 · EID: 2-s2.0-85097078567 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"In-situ ion irradiation induced grain growth in nanocrystalline ceria" W-Y. Chen, D.E. Wolfe, A.T. Motta, C.J. Ulmer, [2021] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152688 · EID: 2-s2.0-85098454672 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Quantifying the effect of hydride microstructure on zirconium alloys embrittlement using image analysis" Cailon Frank, Long-Qing Chen, Mark R. Daymond, Michael R. Tonks, Arthur T. Motta, Pierre-Clément A. Simon, [2021] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152817 · EID: 2-s2.0-85099883648 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Void shrinkage in 21Cr32Ni austenitic model alloy during in-situ ion irradiation" A.T. Motta, M. Ayanoglu, [2021] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152636 · EID: 2-s2.0-85095427873 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"The effects of introducing elasticity using different interpolation schemes to the grand potential phase field model" Larry K. Aagesen, Arthur T. Motta, Michael R. Tonks, Pierre-Clément A. Simon, [2020] Computational Materials Science · DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109790 · EID: 2-s2.0-85084952421 · ISSN: 0927-0256 | |
"A phase-field model for hydride formation in polycrystalline metals: Application to δ-hydride in zirconium alloys" Kimberly B. Colas, Arthur T. Motta, Long-Qing Chen, Tae Wook Heo, [2019] Acta Materialia · DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2019.09.047 · EID: 2-s2.0-85073073754 · ISSN: 1359-6454 | |
"Hydrogen in zirconium alloys: A review" Laurent Capolungo, Long-Qing Chen, Mahmut Nedim Cinbiz, Mark R. Daymond, Donald A. Koss, Evrard Lacroix, Giovanni Pastore, Pierre-Clément A. Simon, Michael R. Tonks, Brian D. Wirth, Mohammed A. Zikry, Arthur T. Motta, [2019] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.042 · EID: 2-s2.0-85062652956 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Microbeam synchrotron radiation diffraction and fluorescence of oxide layers formed on zirconium alloys at different corrosion temperatures" David J. Spengler, John R. Seidensticker, Ram Bajaj, Zhonghou Cai, Arthur T. Motta, Brendan Ensor, [2019] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151779 · EID: 2-s2.0-85071857376 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Neutronic and mechanical evaluation of rare earth doped and undoped nitride-based coatings for accident tolerant fuels" M.J. Brova, I.M. Younker, A.T. Motta, M. Fratoni, D.E. Wolfe, E. Alat, [2019] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.044 · EID: 2-s2.0-85063491295 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Characterization of faulted dislocation loops and cavities in ion irradiated alloy 800H" Arthur T. Motta, Christopher J. Ulmer, [2018] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.11.012 · EID: 2-s2.0-85034820253 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Experimental determination of zirconium hydride precipitation and dissolution in zirconium alloy" A.T. Motta, J.D. Almer, E. Lacroix, [2018] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.06.038 · EID: 2-s2.0-85049302455 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Foreword" [2018] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-85050293796 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Hydride reorientation in zircaloy-4 under different states of stress as studied with in situ X-ray diffraction"
Arthur T. Motta, Donald Koss, Michael Billone, M. Nedim Cinbiz,
[2018]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp159720160052
· EID: 2-s2.0-85050270714
· ISSN: 0066-0558
Hydride reorientation can occur as a result of vacuum drying or transportation of spent nuclear fuel rods prior to dry cask storage. The elevated temperatures generate high internal gas pressure in the fuel rods, causing δ-hydride platelets to precipitate perpendicular to the hoop stress during cooling. Because the loading causes multiaxial stresses, it is of interest to elucidate the role of stress state on the threshold stress for hydride reorientation. To that end, specially designed specimens were used with a range of stress biaxiality ratios (σ1/σ2) from uniaxial tension (σ1/σ2 = 0) to near-equibiaxial tension (σ1/σ2 = 0.8). The threshold stress was determined in each case by matching the major and minor stresses (and thus the local stress state) calculated by finite-element analysis to the hydride microstructures created by the thermomechanical treatment at that specific location. Using cold-worked stress-relieved Zircaloy-4, the results show that as the stress biaxiality ratio increased from uniaxial tension to near-equibiaxial tension, the threshold stress decreased from 155 to 75 MPa. To elucidate the hydride reorientation process, hydride precipitation and d-spacing behavior were investigated in situ using synchrotron radiation diffraction. The precipitation temperature for out-of-plane hydrides was lower than that for in-plane hydrides. The δ{111} d-spacing aligned with the hydride platelet face was greater than the d-spacing of planes aligned with platelet edges. Furthermore, δ{111} planes exhibited bilinear thermally induced expansion, but only for those planes aligned with hydride plate edges. In contrast, the hydride platelet face contracted upon heating. The experimental results were explained by a reversal of stress state associated with precipitating or dissolving hydrides within α-zirconium. In addition, irradiated cladding after thermomechanical treatments was examined by synchrotron radiation diffraction at ambient temperatures. Although the hydride intensity was low for accurately determining d-spacing, the diffraction patterns indicated that β-niobium peaks present in the un-irradiated cladding were diminished after irradiation. |
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"Hydrogen pickup mechanism in zirconium alloys"
Arthur T. Motta, Antoine Ambard, Robert J. Comstock, Adrien Couet,
[2018]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp159720160055
· EID: 2-s2.0-85050291286
· ISSN: 0066-0558
Because hydrogen ingress into zirconium cladding can cause embrittlement and limit cladding lifetime, hydrogen pickup during corrosion is a critical life-limiting degradation mechanism for nuclear fuel. However, mechanistic knowledge of the oxidation and hydrogen pickup mechanisms is still lacking. In an effort to develop such knowledge, we conducted a comprehensive study that included detailed experiments combined with oxidation modeling. We review this set of results conducted on zirconium alloys herein and articulate them into a unified corrosion theoretical framework. First, the hydrogen pickup fraction (fH) was accurately measured for a specific set of alloys specially designed to determine the effects of alloying elements, microstructure, and corrosion kinetics on fH. We observed that fH was not constant and increased until the kinetic transition and decreased at the transition. fH depended on the alloy and was lower for niobium-containing alloys. These results led us to hypothesize that hydrogen pickup during corrosion results from the need to balance the charge during the corrosion reaction such that fH decreases when the rate of electron transport through the protective oxide increases. To assess this hypothesis, two experiments were performed: (1) micro-X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES) to investigate the evolution of the oxidation state of alloying elements when incorporated in the growing oxide and (2) in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure oxide resistivity as a function of exposure time on different alloys. With the use of these results, we developed an analytical zirconium alloy corrosion model based on the coupling of oxygen vacancies and electron currents. Both modeling and EIS results show that as the oxide electric conductivity decreases the fH increases. These new results support the general hypothesis of charge balance. The model quantitatively and qualitatively predicts the differences observed in oxidation kinetics and hydrogen pickup fraction between different alloys. |
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"Hydrogen precipitation kinetics measurement in Zircaloy-4 using synchrotron irradiation X-ray diffraction" [2018] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85062937564 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Measurement of chlorine concentration on steel surfaces via fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in double-pulse configuration" S. Le Berre, D.G. Fobar, M. Burger, P.J. Skrodzki, K.C. Hartig, A.T. Motta, I. Jovanovic, X. Xiao, [2018] Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy · DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2018.01.003 · EID: 2-s2.0-85041486691 · ISSN: 0584-8547 | |
"Mechanistic understanding of zirconium alloy fuel cladding performance"
Arthur T. Motta,
[2018]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp159720160095
· EID: 2-s2.0-85050299663
· ISSN: 0066-0558
A review is presented of work performed in our group over the years in the areas of radiation damage, corrosion, hydrogen pickup, hydriding, and the mechanical behavior of zirconium alloy nuclear fuel cladding with the goal of developing a greater mechanistic understanding of cladding performance in service. |
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"Microbeam X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of alloying elements in the oxide layers of irradiated zircaloy-2"
Arthur T. Motta, Aylin Kucuk, Suresh Yagnik, Zhonghou Cai, Aditya P. Shivprasad,
[2018]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp159720160076
· EID: 2-s2.0-85050296808
· ISSN: 0066-0558
Hydrogen pickup of zirconium-based fuel cladding and structural materials during in-reactor corrosion can degrade fuel components because the ingress of hydrogen can lead to the formation of brittle hydrides. In the boiling water reactor (BWR) environment, Zircaloy-2 fuel cladding and structural components such as water rods and channels can experience accelerated hydrogen pickup, whereas Zircaloy-4 components exposed to similar conditions do not. Because the principal difference between the two alloys is that Zircaloy-2 contains nickel, accelerated hydrogen pickup has been hypothesized to result from the presence of nickel. However, an understanding of the mechanism by which this acceleration occurs is still lacking. We investigated the link between hydrogen pickup and the oxidation behavior of alloying elements when incorporated into the oxide layers formed on zirconium alloys when corroded in the reactor. Synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Advanced Photon Source was performed on carefully selected BWR-corroded Zircaloy-2 water rods at an assembly-averaged burnup ranging from 32.8 to 74.6 GWd/MTU to determine the oxidation states of alloying elements, such as iron and nickel, within the oxide layers as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface at high burnup. Samples were chosen for comparison based on having similar oxide thicknesses, processing, elevation, reactors, and fluences but different hydrogen pickup fractions. Examinations of the oxide layers formed on these samples showed that (1) the oxidation states of these alloying elements changed with distance from the oxide-metal interface, (2) these elements exhibited delayed oxidation relative to the host zirconium, and (3) nickel in Zircaloy-2 remained metallic in the oxide layer at a longer distance from the oxide-metal interface than iron. An analysis of these results showed an apparent correlation between the delayed oxidation of nickel and higher hydrogen pickup of Zircaloy-2 at high burnup. |
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"Microstructural evolution of the 21Cr32Ni model alloy under irradiation" A.T. Motta, M. Ayanoglu, [2018] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.07.060 · EID: 2-s2.0-85051787213 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Overview" [2018] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-85050304435 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Remote detection of stress corrosion cracking: Surface composition and crack detection" Igor Jovanovic, Arthur T. Motta, Xuan Xiao, Samuel Le Berre, David Fobar, Hwanjeong Cho, Sungho Choi, Cliff J. Lissenden, [2018] AIP Conference Proceedings · DOI: 10.1063/1.5031582 · EID: 2-s2.0-85046406174 · ISSN: 1551-7616 | |
"Robotic delivery of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for sensitive chlorine measurement in dry cask storage systems" X. Xiao, M. Burger, S. Le Berre, A.T. Motta, I. Jovanovic, D.G. Fobar, [2018] Progress in Nuclear Energy · DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2018.08.001 · EID: 2-s2.0-85051564442 · ISSN: 0149-1970 | |
"Swelling behavior of Fe-21Cr-32Ni model alloy" [2018] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85060867907 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Application of NSUF capabilities towards understanding the emulation of high dose neutron irradiations with ion beams" [2017] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85033475324 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"High-fidelity multi-physics coupling for determination of hydride distribution in Zr-4 cladding" Olivier Courty, Maria Avramova, Arthur Motta, Ian Davis, [2017] Annals of Nuclear Energy · DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2017.06.049 · EID: 2-s2.0-85024097865 · ISSN: 1873-2100 | |
"In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of hydrides in Zircaloy-4 during thermomechanical cycling" Donald A. Koss, Arthur T. Motta, Jun-Sang Park, Jonathan D. Almer, Mahmut N. Cinbiz, [2017] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.02.027 · EID: 2-s2.0-85013755809 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of zirconium alloy oxide conductivity: Relationship to hydrogen pickup" Arthur T. Motta, Antoine Ambard, Didier Livigni, Adrien Couet, [2017] Corrosion Science · DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2016.12.008 · EID: 2-s2.0-85013414522 · ISSN: 0010-938X | |
"In-situ study: Faulted loop and void behavior in single beam bulk irradiated Fe-21Cr-32Ni model alloy" [2017] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85062014311 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Modeling thermal spike driven reactions at low temperature and application to zirconium carbide radiation damage" Arthur T. Motta, Christopher J. Ulmer, [2017] Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2017.08.015 · EID: 2-s2.0-85028531983 · ISSN: 0168-583X | |
"Radiation tolerance of multilayer (TiN, TiAlN) ceramic ATF coatings" [2017] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85062011874 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Surrogate measurement of chlorine concentration on steel surfaces by alkali element detection via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy" S. Le Berre, K.C. Hartig, A.T. Motta, I. Jovanovic, X. Xiao, [2017] Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy · DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2017.02.011 · EID: 2-s2.0-85013452345 · ISSN: 0584-8547 | |
"The role of hydrogen in zirconium alloy corrosion" A.M. Lucente, M.J. Frederick, J. Sutliff, A.T. Motta, B. Ensor, [2017] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.046 · EID: 2-s2.0-85030702125 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Toward Robotic Inspection of Dry Storage Casks for Spent Nuclear Fuel"
S. Choi, H. Cho, A. Motta, K. Hartig, X. Xiao, S. Le Berre, S. Brennan, K. Reichard, R. Leary, B. McNelly, I. Jovanovic, C. J. Lissenden,
[2017]
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Transactions of the ASME
· DOI: 10.1115/1.4035788
· EID: 2-s2.0-85012884747
· ISSN: 1528-8978
Extended dry storage of spent nuclear fuel makes it desirable to assess the structural integrity of the storage canisters. Stress corrosion cracking of the stainless steel canister is a potential degradation mode especially in marine environments. Sensing technologies are being developed with the aim of detecting the presence of chloride-bearing salts on the surface of the canister as well as whether cracks exist. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) methods for the detection of Chlorine are presented. In addition, ultrasonic-guided wave detection of crack-like notches oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the shear horizontal wave vector is demonstrated using the pulse-echo mode, which greatly simplifies the robotic delivery of the noncontact electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). Robotic delivery of both EMATs and the LIBS system is necessary due to the high temperature and radiation environment inside the cask where the measurements need to be made. Furthermore, the space to make the measurements is very constrained and maneuverability is confined by the geometry of the storage cask. In fact, a large portion of the canister surface is inaccessible due to the presence of guide channels on the inside of the cask's overpack, which is strong motivation for using guided waves for crack detection. Among the design requirements for the robotic system are to localize and track where sensor measurements are made to enable return to those locations, to avoid wedging or jamming of the robot, and to tolerate high temperatures and radiation levels. |
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"Undoped and ytterbium-doped titanium aluminum nitride coatings for improved oxidation behavior of nuclear fuel cladding" Ece Alat, Mark A. Pauley, Rachel Sherbondy, Arthur T. Motta, Douglas E. Wolfe, Michael J. Brova, [2017] Surface and Coatings Technology · DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.09.076 · EID: 2-s2.0-85032282921 · ISSN: 0257-8972 | |
"XANES study of Fe and Nb oxidation in Zr-2.5Nb oxide layers" [2017] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85062043301 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Development of radiation damage during in-situ Kr++ irradiation of Fe-Ni-Cr model austenitic steels" B. Rouxel, A.T. Motta, M. Kirk, C. Bisor, Y. de Carlan, A. Legris, M. Desormeaux, [2016] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.04.012 · EID: 2-s2.0-84963984691 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Development of robotic multisensor inspection system for used nuclear fuel canisters" [2016] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85032948230 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Erratum: Corrigendum to “Ceramic coating for corrosion (c3) resistance of nuclear fuel cladding” (Surface and Coatings Technology (2015) 281 (133–143) (S025789721530236X) (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.062))" Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Jonna M. Partezana, Douglas E. Wolfe, Ece Alat, [2016] Surface and Coatings Technology · DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.07.019 · EID: 2-s2.0-84989809897 · ISSN: 0257-8972 | |
"Multilayer (TiN, TiAlN) ceramic coatings for nuclear fuel cladding" Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Jonna M. Partezana, Douglas E. Wolfe, Ece Alat, [2016] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.05.021 · EID: 2-s2.0-84975758714 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Multilayer ceramic coating for corrosion (C3) resistance of nuclear fuel cladding" [2016] Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2016, MS and T 2016 · EID: 2-s2.0-85017238656 | |
"Quantitative determination of chlorine concentration by measurement of sodium deposited on steel via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy" [2016] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-85032962581 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Robotic inspection of dry storage casks for spent nuclear fuel"
S. Choi, H. Cho, A. Motta, K. Hartig, X. Xiao, S. Le Berre, S. Brennan, K. Reichard, R. Leary, B. McNelly, I. Jovanovic, C. J. Lissenden,
[2016]
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication) PVP
· DOI: 10.1115/pvp2016-63312
· EID: 2-s2.0-85006387010
· ISSN: 0277-027X
Extended dry storage of spent nuclear fuel makes it desirable to assess the structural integrity of the storage canisters. Stress corrosion cracking of the stainless steel canister is a potential degradation mode especially in marine environments. Sensing technologies are being developed with the aim of detecting the presence of chloride-bearing salts on the surface of the canister as well as whether cracks exist. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) methods for the detection of Chlorine are presented. Detection of a notch oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the shear horizontal wave vector is demonstrated using the pulse-echo mode, which greatly simplifies the robotic delivery of the noncontact electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). Robotic delivery of both EMATs and the LIBS system is necessary due to the high temperature and radiation environment inside the cask where the measurements need to be made. Furthermore, the space to make the measurement is very constrained and maneuverability is confined by the geometry of the storage cask. In fact, a large portion of the canister surface is inaccessible due to the presence of guide channels on the inside of the cask’s overpack, which is strong motivation for using guided waves for crack detection. Among the design requirements for the robotic system are: to localize and track where sensor measurements are made to enable return to those locations, to avoid wedging or jamming of the robot, and to tolerate high temperatures and radiation levels. |
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"Sample environment for in situ synchrotron corrosion studies of materials in extreme environments"
Simerjeet K. Gill, Arthur T. Motta, Randy Weidner, Thomas Anderson, Lynne E. Ecker, Mohamed S. Elbakhshwan,
[2016]
Review of Scientific Instruments
· DOI: 10.1063/1.4964101
· EID: 2-s2.0-84993978004
· ISSN: 1089-7623
A new in situ sample environment has been designed and developed to study the interfacial interactions of nuclear cladding alloys with high temperature steam. The sample environment is particularly optimized for synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies for in situ structural analysis. The sample environment is highly corrosion resistant and can be readily adapted for steam environments. The in situ sample environment design complies with G2 ASTM standards for studying corrosion in zirconium and its alloys and offers remote temperature and pressure monitoring during the in situ data collection. The use of the in situ sample environment is exemplified by monitoring the oxidation of metallic zirconium during exposure to steam at 350 °C. The in situ sample environment provides a powerful tool for fundamental understanding of corrosion mechanisms by elucidating the substoichiometric oxide phases formed during the early stages of corrosion, which can provide a better understanding of the oxidation process. |
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"The influence of stress state on the reorientation of hydrides in a zirconium alloy" Donald A. Koss, Arthur T. Motta, Mahmut N. Cinbiz, [2016] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.05.013 · EID: 2-s2.0-84967315995 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Validation of bison calculation of hydrogen distribution by comparison to experiment" Arthur Motta, Evrard Lacroix, [2016] TMS Annual Meeting · DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48254-5_33 · EID: 2-s2.0-85002959373 | |
"Anisotropic azimuthal power and temperature distribution as a driving force for hydrogen redistribution" [2015] International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics 2015, NURETH 2015 · EID: 2-s2.0-84964018519 | |
"Ceramic coating for corrosion (c3) resistance of nuclear fuel cladding" Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Jonna M. Partezana, Douglas E. Wolfe, Ece Alat, [2015] Surface and Coatings Technology · DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.062 · EID: 2-s2.0-84947087595 · ISSN: 0257-8972 | |
"Characterization of Zircaloy-4 corrosion films using microbeam synchrotron radiation" Arthur T. Motta, Ram Bajaj, John R. Seidensticker, Zhonghou Cai, David J. Spengler, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.04.006 · EID: 2-s2.0-84928995094 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Characterization of microstructure and property evolution in advanced cladding and duct: Materials exposed to high dose and elevated temperature" Djamel Kaoumi, Janelle P. Wharry, Zhijie Jiao, Cem Topbasi, Aaron Kohnert, Leland Barnard, Alicia Certain, Kevin G. Field, Gary S. Was, Dane L. Morgan, Arthur T. Motta, Brian D. Wirth, Y. Yang, Todd R. Allen, [2015] Journal of Materials Research · DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.99 · EID: 2-s2.0-84929692498 · ISSN: 2044-5326 | |
"Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys Used for Nuclear Fuel Cladding"
Adrien Couet, Robert J. Comstock, Arthur T. Motta,
[2015]
Annual Review of Materials Research
· DOI: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070214-020951
· EID: 2-s2.0-84956691268
· ISSN: 1531-7331
During operation, nuclear fuel rods are immersed in the primary water, causing waterside corrosion and consequent hydrogen ingress. In this review, the mechanisms of corrosion and hydrogen pickup and the role of alloy selection in minimizing both phenomena are considered on the basis of two principal characteristics: the pretransition kinetics and the loss of oxide protectiveness at transition. In zirconium alloys, very small changes in composition or microstructure can cause significant corrosion differences so that corrosion performance is strongly alloy dependent. The alloys show different, but reproducible, subparabolic pretransition kinetics and transition thicknesses. A mechanism for oxide growth and breakup based on a detailed study of the oxide structure can explain these results. Through the use of the recently developed coupled current charge compensation model of corrosion kinetics and hydrogen pickup, the subparabolic kinetics and the hydrogen fraction can be rationalized: Hydrogen pickup increases when electron transport decreases, requiring hydrogen ingress to close the reaction. |
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"EELS and atom probe tomography study of the evolution of the metal/oxide interface during zirconium alloy oxidation" Yan Dong, Arthur T. Motta, Emmanuelle A. Marquis, Benoit de Gabory, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.043 · EID: 2-s2.0-84931287720 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Effect of alloying elements on hydrogen pickup in zirconium alloys"
Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Adrien Couet,
[2015]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp154320120215
· EID: 2-s2.0-84930346435
· ISSN: 0066-0558
Although the optimization of zirconium-based alloys has led to significant improvements in hydrogen pickup and corrosion resistance, the mechanisms by which such alloy improvements occur are still not well understood. In an effort to understand such mechanisms, we conducted a systematic study of the alloy effect on hydrogen pickup, using advanced characterization techniques to rationalize precise measurements of hydrogen pickup. The hydrogen pickup fraction was accurately measured for a specially designed set of commercial and model alloys to investigate the effects of alloying elements, microstructure, and corrosion kinetics on hydrogen uptake. Two different techniques for measuring hydrogen concentrations were used: a destructive technique, vacuum hot extraction, and a non-destructive one, cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis. The results indicate that hydrogen pickup varies not only from alloy to alloy, but also during the corrosion process for a given alloy. These variations result from the process of charge balance during the corrosion reaction, such that the pickup of hydrogen decreases when the rate of electron transport or oxide electronic conductivity (σe−ox) through the protective oxide increases. According to this hypothesis, alloying elements (either in solid solution or in precipitates) would affect the hydrogen pickup fraction by modifying σe−ox. Because the mechanism whereby these alloying elements are incorporated into the oxide layer is critical to changing electron conductivity, the evolution of the oxidation state of two common alloying elements, Fe and Nb, when incorporated into the growing oxide layers of two commercial zirconium alloys (Zircaloy-4 and ZIRLO) and model alloys (Zr-0.4Fe-0.2Cr and Zr-2.5Nb) was investigated using x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy with microbeam synchrotron radiation on cross-sectional oxide samples. The results show that the oxidation of both Fe and Nb is delayed in the oxide layer relative to that of Zr, and that this oxidation delay is related to the variations of the instantaneous hydrogen pickup fraction with exposure time. |
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"Evaluation of the interfacial shear strength and residual stress of TiAlN coating on ZIRLO™ fuel cladding using a modified shear-lag model approach" I. Bhamji, P.J. Withers, D.E. Wolfe, A.T. Motta, M. Preuss, Y. Liu, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.06.003 · EID: 2-s2.0-84955670698 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Hydride precipitation kinetics in Zircaloy-4 studied using synchrotron X-ray diffraction" Arthur T. Motta, Christopher J. Piotrowski, Jonathan D. Almer, Olivier F. Courty, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.02.035 · EID: 2-s2.0-84925337329 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"In situ ion irradiation of zirconium carbide" Arthur T. Motta, Mark A. Kirk, Christopher J. Ulmer, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.08.009 · EID: 2-s2.0-84941796790 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Irradiation-induced disordering and amorphization of Al |
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"Mechanisms of hydride reorientation in zircaloy-4 studied in situ"
Arthur Motta, Mark R. Daymond, Jonathan Almer, Kimberly Colas,
[2015]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp154320120168
· EID: 2-s2.0-84930346719
· ISSN: 0066-0558
Zirconium hydride platelet reorientation in fuel cladding during dry storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel is an important technological issue. Using an in situ x-ray synchrotron diffraction technique, the detailed kinetics of hydride precipitation and reorientation can be directly determined while the specimen is under stress and at temperature. Hydrided Zircaloy-4 dogbone sheet samples were submitted to various thermo-mechanical schedules, while x-ray diffraction data was continuously recorded. Post-test metallography showed that nearly full hydride reorientation was achieved when the applied stress was above 210 MPa. In general, repeated thermal cycling above the terminal solid solubility temperature increased both the reoriented hydride fraction and the connectivity of the reoriented hydrides. The dissolution and precipitation temperatures were determined directly from the hydride diffraction signal. The diffraction signature of reoriented hydrides is different than that of in-plane hydrides. During cooling under stress, the precipitation of reoriented hydrides occurs at lower temperatures than the precipitation of in-plane hydrides, suggesting that applied stress suppresses the precipitation of in-plane hydrides. The analysis of the elastic strains determined by the shift in position of hydride and zirconium diffraction peaks allowed following of the early stages of hydride precipitation. Hydride particles were observed to start to nucleate with highly compressive strain. These compressive strains quickly relax to smaller compressive strains within 30°C of the onset of precipitation. After about half of the overall hydride volume fraction is precipitated, hydride strains follow the thermal contraction of the zirconium matrix. In the case of hydrides precipitating under stress, the strains in the hydrides are different in direction and trend. Analyses performed on the broadening of hydride diffraction peaks yielded information on the distribution of strains in hydride population during precipitation and cooldown. These results are discussed in light of existing models and experiments on hydride reorientation. |
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"Microstructural evolution in NF616 (P92) and Fe-9Cr-0.1C-model alloy under heavy ion irradiation" Djamel Kaoumi, Arthur T. Motta, Mark A. Kirk, Cem Topbasi, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.003 · EID: 2-s2.0-84939223874 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"The coupled current charge compensation model for zirconium alloy fuel cladding oxidation: I. Parabolic oxidation of zirconium alloys" Arthur T. Motta, Antoine Ambard, Adrien Couet, [2015] Corrosion Science · DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.07.003 · EID: 2-s2.0-84943452814 · ISSN: 0010-938X | |
"Transmission electron microscopy characterization of Zircaloy-4 and ZIRLO™ oxide layers" Arthur T. Motta, Ke Wang, Benoit de Gabory, [2015] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.073 · EID: 2-s2.0-84908191385 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Hydrogen pickup measurements in zirconium alloys: Relation to oxidation kinetics" Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Adrien Couet, [2014] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.03.001 · EID: 2-s2.0-84898066479 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Microbeam X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy study of the oxidation of Fe and Nb in zirconium alloy oxide layers" Arthur T. Motta, Benoit de Gabory, Zhonghou Cai, Adrien Couet, [2014] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.05.047 · EID: 2-s2.0-84904598221 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Microstructure evolution In a 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel under ion irradiation" [2014] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-84904683348 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Modeling and simulation of hydrogen behavior in Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding" Arthur T. Motta, Jason D. Hales, Olivier Courty, [2014] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.05.013 · EID: 2-s2.0-84902176226 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Oxide electronic conductivity and hydrogen pickup fraction in Zr alloys" [2014] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-84904618956 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"The effect of stress biaxiality on hydride reorientation threshold stress" [2014] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-84904625051 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Atom probe tomography study of alloying element distributions in Zr alloys and their oxides" Arthur T. Motta, Emmanuelle A. Marquis, Yan Dong, [2013] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.08.055 · EID: 2-s2.0-84885361070 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Corrosion of ferritic-martensitic steels in steam and supercritical water" Arthur T. Motta, Chad Eichfeld, Robert J. Comstock, Guoping Cao, Todd R. Allen, Jeremy Bischoff, [2013] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.09.037 · EID: 2-s2.0-84885181872 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Effect of thermo-mechanical cycling on zirconium hydride reorientation studied in situ with synchrotron X-ray diffraction" Arthur T. Motta, Mark R. Daymond, Jonathan D. Almer, Kimberly B. Colas, [2013] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.04.047 · EID: 2-s2.0-84885320495 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Structure of zircaloy-4 oxides formed during autoclave corrosion" [2013] LWR Fuel Performance Meeting, Top Fuel 2013 · EID: 2-s2.0-84902327907 | |
"Cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis, a non-destructive technique for hydrogen level assessment in zirconium alloys" Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Rick L. Paul, Adrien Couet, [2012] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.044 · EID: 2-s2.0-84860484098 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys" R.J.M. Konings, A.T. Motta, T.R. Allen, [2012] Comprehensive Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-056033-5.00063-x · EID: 2-s2.0-84884740904 | |
"Crack growth in the through-thickness direction of hydrided thin-wall Zircaloy sheet" Donald A. Koss, Arthur T. Motta, Patrick A. Raynaud, [2012] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.09.005 · EID: 2-s2.0-80054098052 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"EFTEM and EELS analysis of the oxide layer formed on HCM12A exposed to SCW" Arthur T. Motta, Jeremy Bischoff, [2012] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.06.017 · EID: 2-s2.0-84864261243 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Hydride formation in zirconium alloys" Long-Qing Chen, Arthur T. Motta, [2012] JOM · DOI: 10.1007/s11837-012-0479-x · EID: 2-s2.0-84869868810 · ISSN: 1047-4838 | |
"In situ study of heavy ion induced radiation damage in NF616 (P92) alloy" Arthur T. Motta, Mark A. Kirk, Cem Topbasi, [2012] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.08.046 · EID: 2-s2.0-84860479496 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Oxidation behavior of ferritic-martensitic and ODS steels in supercritical water" Arthur T. Motta, Jeremy Bischoff, [2012] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.03.009 · EID: 2-s2.0-84859633659 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Comparison of the corrosion behavior of the 14Cr ODS alloy in steam and supercritical water" [2011] 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors 2011 · EID: 2-s2.0-84867598318 | |
"Discussion" [2011] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-84863281934 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Hydride behavior in zircaloy-4 during thermomechanical cycling" [2011] 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors 2011 · EID: 2-s2.0-84867618700 | |
"Hydride platelet reorientation in zircaloy studied with synchrotron radiation diffraction" Arthur T. Motta, Mark R. Daymond, Matthew Kerr, Jonathan D. Almer, Kimberly B. Colas, [2011] ASTM Special Technical Publication · DOI: 10.1520/stp49272t · EID: 2-s2.0-84857985615 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"The issue of stress state during mechanical tests to assess cladding performance during a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA)" D.A. Koss, A.T. Motta, B. Cazalis, M. Petit, J. Desquines, [2011] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.03.015 · EID: 2-s2.0-79955478453 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Waterside corrosion in zirconium alloys" Arthur T. Motta, [2011] JOM · DOI: 10.1007/s11837-011-0140-0 · EID: 2-s2.0-80053002330 · ISSN: 1047-4838 | |
"Corrosion of ferritic-martensitic steels in steam compared to supercritical water" [2010] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-79551674947 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"In situ study of hydride precipitation kinetics and re-orientation in Zircaloy using synchrotron radiation" A.T. Motta, J.D. Almer, M.R. Daymond, M. Kerr, A.D. Banchik, P. Vizcaino, J.R. Santisteban, K.B. Colas, [2010] Acta Materialia · DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.07.018 · EID: 2-s2.0-77957999815 · ISSN: 1359-6454 | |
"Structure of oxide layers formed on HT-9 and T91 steels in flowing lead-bismuth" [2010] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-79551677410 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Comparison of the oxide structure formed on 9CroDS steel and NF616 in supercritical water" [2009] 14th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems Water Reactors 2009 · EID: 2-s2.0-78649371146 | |
"Evolution of the oxide structure of 9CrODS steel exposed to supercritical water" Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Jeremy Bischoff, [2009] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.03.015 · EID: 2-s2.0-67349148104 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Fracture toughness of hydrided zircaloy-4 sheet under through-thickness crack growth conditions"
D. A. Koss, A. T. Motta, K. S. Chan, P. A. Raynaud,
[2009]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp48135s
· EID: 2-s2.0-70449926897
· ISSN: 0066-0558
The susceptibility of fuel cladding to failure in the case of a postulated reactivity-initiated accident may be determined by crack initiation within a hydride blister or rim and subsequent crack growth through the thickness of the cladding. This study has determined the fracture toughness of hydrided cold-worked stress relieved Zircaloy-4 sheet subject to through-thickness crack growth at both 25 and 300°C. The experimental approach utilizes a novel procedure in which a narrow linear strip of brittle hydride blister across the specimen width creates a well-defined precrack upon initial loading. The subsequent crack growth resistance is then characterized by four-point bending of the specimen and an elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis. At room temperature, the through-thickness fracture toughness (Kq) is sensitive to the orientation of the hydride platelets and Kq≅25 MPa√m for crack growth through a mixed in-plane/out-of-plane hydride field. In contrast, Kq is much nigher (≅75 MPa√m) when the hydride platelets are oriented predominantly in the plane of the sheet and therefore normal to both the crack plane and the crack growth direction. At 300°C, the material exhibits greater ductility as the hydride particles within the matrix resist fracture such that Kq≅83 MPa√m, despite the much lower flow stress of the material. |
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"Identification and quantification of hydride phases in Zircaloy-4 cladding using synchrotron X-ray diffraction" Y.S. Chu, A.T. Motta, R.S. Daum, [2009] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.004 · EID: 2-s2.0-67651003296 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"In situ transmission electron microscopy and ion irradiation of ferritic materials"
Peter M. Baldo, Amelia C.Y. Liu, Edward A. Ryan, Robert C. Birtcher, Zhongwen Yao, Sen Xu, Michael L. Jenkins, Mercedes Hernandez‐Mayoral, Djamel Kaoumi, Arthur T. Motta, Marquis A. Kirk,
[2009]
Microscopy Research and Technique
· DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20670
· EID: 2-s2.0-61449190760
· ISSN: 1059-910X
The intermediate voltage electron microscope‐tandem user facility in the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory is described. The primary purpose of this facility is electron microscopy with in situ ion irradiation at controlled sample temperatures. To illustrate its capabilities and advantages a few results of two outside user projects are presented. The motion of dislocation loops formed during ion irradiation is illustrated in video data that reveals a striking reduction of motion in Fe‐8%Cr over that in pure Fe. The development of extended defect structure is then shown to depend on this motion and the influence of nearby surfaces in the transmission electron microscopy thin samples. In a second project, the damage microstructure is followed to high dose (200 dpa) in an oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic alloy at 500°C, and found to be qualitatively similar to that observed in the same alloy neutron irradiated at 420°C. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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"Influence of alloy microstructure on oxide growth in HCM12A in supercritical water" [2009] Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-70449449552 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Microstructural characterization of oxides formed on model Zr alloys using synchrotron radiation"
M. J. Gomes da Silva, A. Yilmazbayhan, R. J. Comstock, Z. Cai, B. Lai, A. T. Motta,
[2009]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp48151s
· EID: 2-s2.0-70449787255
· ISSN: 0066-0558
To understand how alloy chemistry and microstructure impact corrosion performance, oxide layers formed at different stages of corrosion on various model zirconium alloys (Zr-xFe-yCr, Zr-xCu-yMo, for various x, y) and control materials (pure Zr, Zircaloy-4) were examined to determine their structure and the connection of such structure to corrosion kinetics and oxide stability. Microbeam synchrotron radiation diffraction and fluorescence of oxide cross sections were used to determine the oxide phases present, grain size, and orientation relationships as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface. The results show a wide variation of corrosion behavior among the alloys, in terms of the pretransition corrosion kinetics and in terms of the oxide susceptibility to breakaway corrosion. The alloys that exhibited protective behavior at 500°C also were protective during 360°C corrosion testing. The Zr-0.4Fe-0.2Cr model ternary alloy showed protective behavior and stable oxide growth throughout the test. The results of the examination of the oxide layers with microbeam X-ray diffraction show clear differences in the structure of protective and nonprotective oxides both at the oxide-metal interface and in the bulk of the oxide layer. The nonprotective oxide interfaces show a smooth transition from metal to oxide with metal diffraction peaks disappearing as the monoclinic oxide peaks appear. In contrast, the protective oxides showed a complex structure near the oxide-metal interface, showing peaks from Zr3O suboxide and a highly oriented tetragonal oxide phase with specific orientation relationships with the monoclinic oxide and the base metal. The same interfacial structures are observed through their diffraction signals in protective oxide layers formed during both 360°C and 500°C corrosion testing. These diffraction peaks showed much higher intensities in the samples from 500°C testing. The results for the various model alloys are discussed to help elucidate the role of individual alloying elements in oxide formation and the influence of oxide microstructure on the corrosion mechanism. |
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"Oxidation of 9crods exposed to supercritical water" [2009] NACE - International Corrosion Conference Series · EID: 2-s2.0-84869717314 · ISSN: 0361-4409 | |
"TEM characterization of crept and irradiated nano-structured ferritic alloys"
DT Hoelzer, JT Busby, AG Certain, TR Allen, D Kaoumi, AT Motta, MA Kirk, J Bentley,
[2009]
Microscopy and Microanalysis
· DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609095828
· EID: 2-s2.0-69949159788
· ISSN: 1431-9276
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009 |
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"Transmission electron microscopy of oxide development on 9Cr ODS steel in supercritical water" T.E. Clark, A.T. Motta, A.D. Siwy, [2009] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.03.032 · EID: 2-s2.0-67349115278 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"A thermal spike model of grain growth under irradiation"
A. T. Motta, R. C. Birtcher, D. Kaoumi,
[2008]
Journal of Applied Physics
· DOI: 10.1063/1.2988142
· EID: 2-s2.0-54049153605
· ISSN: 0021-8979
The experimental study of grain growth in nanocrystalline metallic foils under ion irradiation showed the existence of a low-temperature regime (below about 0.15–0.22Tm), where grain growth is independent of the irradiation temperature, and a thermally assisted regime where grain growth is enhanced with increasing irradiation temperature. A model is proposed to describe grain growth under irradiation in the temperature-independent regime, based on the direct impact of the thermal spikes on grain boundaries. In the model, grain-boundary migration occurs by atomic jumps, within the thermal spikes, biased by the local grain-boundary curvature driving. The jumps in the spike are calculated based on Vineyard’s analysis of thermal spikes and activated processes using a spherical geometry for the spike. The model incorporates cascade structure features such as subcascade formation, and the probability of subcascades occurring at grain boundaries. This results in a power law expression relating the average grain size with the ion dose with an exponent equal to 3, in agreement with the experimental observations. The model is applied to grain growth observed in situ in a transmission electron microscope in a wide range of doses, temperature, and irradiation conditions for four different pure metals, and shown to predict well the results in all applicable cases. Some discussions are also presented on the expansion of the model to the thermally assisted regime. The paper is organized in six sections. Section I gives background and literature review, while Secs. II and III review experimental methods and results for in situ grain growth under irradiation. Section IV derives the model proposed to find the grain-growth equation in the nonthermal regime, and in Sec. V the model is applied to the results. In Sec. VI grain growth in the thermally assisted regime is discussed and Sec. VII presents the conclusions. |
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"Characterization and in-situ ion-irradiation of MA957 ODS steel" [2008] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-55249124982 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Characterization of HT-9 ferritic-martensitic steels oxidized in lead bismuth eutectic" [2008] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-55249119514 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Characterization of oxide layers formed during corrosion in supercritical water" [2008] 17th International Corrosion Congress 2008: Corrosion Control in the Service of Society · EID: 2-s2.0-84865038066 | |
"Grain growth in nanocrystalline metal thin films under in situ ion-beam irradiation" [2008] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-62849116960 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Influence of alloying elements on grain-growth in Zr(Fe) and Cu(Fe) thin-films under in situ ion-irradiation" A.T. Motta, R.C. Birtcher, D. Kaoumi, [2008] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.011 · EID: 2-s2.0-55949106356 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Light-water reactor fuel degradation mechanisms at high burnup: Implications to generation IV materials" [2008] Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-78649407031 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"TEM investigation of oxide development on 9Cr ODS in SCW" [2008] Transactions of the American Nuclear Society · EID: 2-s2.0-55249099994 · ISSN: 0003-018X | |
"Corrosion behavior of model zirconium alloys in deaerated supercritical water at 500°C"
E. Gartner, J.T. Busby, A.T. Motta, G.S. Was, Q. Peng,
[2007]
Corrosion
· DOI: 10.5006/1.3278408
· EID: 2-s2.0-34447108528
· ISSN: 0010-9312
Several zirconium alloys with differing weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Cu, and Mo were exposed to flowing, pure supercritical water at 500°C for up to 150 days in an effort to determine their corrosion behavior for consideration in the supercritical water reactor. The weight gains of the alloys were measured, and oxides were characterized after various times. The test results showed a wide range of corrosion behavior depending on the alloy composition and process temperature. The alloys most resistant to corrosion were those containing Cr and Fe, three of which showed protective stable oxides, low corrosion rates, and no breakaway behavior. The ZrCr, ZrCu, ZrMo, and ZrCuMo alloys all exhibited high corrosion rates and non-protective oxides. Analysis of the oxide layer showed that the oxide consisted mostly of monoclinic zirconia (ZrO2). The structure of the oxide-metal interface in the five protective alloys exhibited characteristics that were also seen in protective oxides formed at low temperature, especially the presence of a suboxide layer and an intense (002)T peak at the interface, indicating the presence of a highly oriented tetragonal phase associated with the protective oxide. The change in corrosion kinetics from cubic to linear was directly linked to the size and density of cracks in the oxides. |
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"Fracture of hydrided Zircaloy-4 sheet under through-thickness crack growth conditions" [2007] American Nuclear Society - 2007 LWR Fuel Performance/Top Fuel · EID: 2-s2.0-44949103978 | |
"Influence of hydride microstructure on through-thickness crack growth in zircaloy-4 sheet" [2007] Canadian Nuclear Society - 13th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems 2007 · EID: 2-s2.0-52349101139 | |
"Microbeam synchrotron radiation diffraction and fluorescence study of oxide layers formed on 9Cr ODS steel in supercritical water" [2007] Canadian Nuclear Society - 13th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems 2007 · EID: 2-s2.0-52349118032 | |
"Zirconium alloys for supercritical water reactor applications: Challenges and possibilities" Aylin Yilmazbayhan, Marcelo J. Gomes da Silva, Robert J. Comstock, Gary S. Was, Jeremy T. Busby, Eric Gartner, Qunjia Peng, Yong Hwan Jeong, Jeong Yong Park, Arthur T. Motta, [2007] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.05.022 · EID: 2-s2.0-34547837521 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Grain growth in Zr-Fe thin films during in situ ion irradiation in a TEM" A.T. Motta, R.C. Birtcher, D. Kaoumi, [2006] Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.158 · EID: 2-s2.0-28544446594 · ISSN: 0168-583X | |
"Transmission electron microscopy examination of oxide layers formed on Zr alloys" Else Breval, Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Aylin Yilmazbayhan, [2006] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.10.012 · EID: 2-s2.0-32144439766 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Characterization of oxides formed on model zirconium alloys in 360°C water using micro-beam synchrotron radiation" [2005] Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors · EID: 2-s2.0-33745230147 | |
"Corrosion of zirconium-based fuel cladding alloys in supercritical water" [2005] Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors · EID: 2-s2.0-33745203946 | |
"Failure of hydrided zircaloy-4 under equal-biaxial and plane-strain tensile deformation"
DA Koss, AT Motta, ON Pierron, RS Daum, A Glendening,
[2005]
Journal of ASTM International
· DOI: 10.1520/jai12441
· EID: 2-s2.0-30744444195
· ISSN: 1546-962X
The fracture behavior of unirradiated Zircaloy-4 containing either solid hydride blisters or hydrided rims has been examined for the contrasting conditions of equal-biaxial and plane-strain tensile deformation at three temperatures (25°, 300°, and 375°C). Cold-worked and stress-relieved Zircaloy-4 sheet containing hydride blisters shows nearly identical failure strains in equal-biaxial and plane-strain tensile deformation for a wide range of blister or rim depths. In all cases, failure strains decrease rapidly with increasing hydride blister or rim thickness, especially in the ≤100 µm range. Test temperature has a significant effect on ductility with failure strains at 300° and 375°C being much greater than at room temperature. The results indicate that the ductility of material containing hydride rims/blisters greater than ≈ 30–40 µm deep is limited by crack growth, which occurs in a mode I manner at 25°C but in a mixed mode I/II manner at ≥300°C (and at higher failure strain levels). |
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"Identification of crystalline behavior on macroscopic response and local strain field analysis: Application to alpha zirconium alloys" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744795736 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Improved ZIRLO™ cladding performance through chemistry and process modifications" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744826268 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"In-situ studies of the oxide film properties on BWR fuel cladding materials" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744812432 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Influence of long service exposures on the thermal-mechanical behavior of Zy-4 and M5™ alloys in LOCA conditions" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744805365 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Influence of structure - Phase state of Nb containing Zr alloys on irradiation-induced growth" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744815352 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Irradiation-enhanced second-phase precipitation in Zr-Fe nanocrystalline thin films"
Arthur T. Motta, Robert C. Birtcher, Djamel Kaoumi,
[2005]
Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
· DOI: 10.1557/proc-0908-oo04-04
· EID: 2-s2.0-34249950175
· ISSN: 0272-9172
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"Microstructure and growth mechanism of oxide layers formed on Zr alloys studied with micro-beam synchrotron radiation" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744914993 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Microstructure and phase control in Zr-Fe-Cr-Ni alloys: Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects"
N Dupin, C Lemaignan, A Pasturel, JM Grange, P Barberis,
[2005]
Journal of ASTM International
· DOI: 10.1520/jai12771
· EID: 2-s2.0-30644463217
TEM investigations in Zr-Fe and Zr-Fe-Ni, Zr-Ni-Cr and Zr-Cr-Fe systems were performed to assess the second particles present in these alloys, either in quasi equilibrium conditions, or after quenching and annealing experiments. At equilibrium, Zr3Fe was found to dissolve Ni up to 12 at%. Ab initio computations provided formation enthalpies for several Zr-Fe compounds and showed that the Zr2Fe is metastable at low temperature. All of these data allowed us to extend the thermodynamic database ZIRCOBASE; very good agreement between the thermodynamic computations and the experimental evidences was obtained. Quenching and annealing experiments showed that Zr2Fe is formed for low quenching rates, while Zr3Fe is formed for higher quenching rates. Last, corrosion results in various conditions show that the influence of second phase particles volume fraction depends on the corroding atmosphere. |
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"Phase composition, structure, and plastic deformation localization in Zr1%Nb alloys" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744820302 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Plastic deformation of irradiated zirconium alloys: TEM investigations and micro-mechanical modeling" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744903395 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Predicting oxidation and deuterium ingress for Zr-2.5Nb CANDU pressure tubes" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744814932 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Role of iron for hydrogen absorption mechanism in zirconium alloys" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744928889 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"TEM examinations of the metal-oxide interface of zirconium based alloys irradiated in a pressurized water reactor" [2005] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-33744786260 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Structure of zirconium alloy oxides formed in pure water studied with synchrotron radiation and optical microscopy: Relation to corrosion rate" Arthur T Motta, Robert J Comstock, George P Sabol, Barry Lai, Zhonghou Cai, Aylin Yilmazbayhan, [2004] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.038 · EID: 2-s2.0-0345016313 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Using small x-ray beams to understand corrosion in nuclear fuel cladding"
Aylin Yilmazbayhan, Robert J. Comstock, Barry Lai, Zhonghou Cai, Arthur T. Motta,
[2004]
Applications of X-Rays in Mechanical Engineering 2004
· DOI: 10.1115/imece2004-62475
· EID: 2-s2.0-21244477166
Uniform oxidation by the primary circuit water and associated may soon limit the service of Zr alloy fuel cladding in Light Water reactors. Understanding the differences in corrosion rate between alloys based on the microstructure of the protective oxide may allow us to design better alloying materials for severe duty cycle applications. The use of synchrotron radiation microbeam at APS allows the study of these oxide layers with an unique combination of the wealth of diffraction and fluorescence information and the level of spatial resolution obtained. We will discuss some of our experimental results and the potentials of these techniques in solving engineering problems. |
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"Determination of the alloying content in the matrix of Zr alloys using synchrotron radiation microprobe X-ray fluorescence" O Delaire, A.T Motta, R.C Birtcher, J.M Maser, B Lai, A Yilmazbayhan, [2003] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(03)00267-8 · EID: 2-s2.0-0042360631 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Evidence for neutron irradiation-induced metallic precipitates in model alloys and pressure-vessel weld steel" Arthur T. Motta, Gary L. Catchen, Gerhard Brauer, Jürgen Böhmert, Stephen E. Cumblidge, [2003] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(03)00190-9 · EID: 2-s2.0-0038107983 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Tensile specimen geometry and the constitutive behavior of Zircaloy-4" D.A. Koss, A.T. Motta, O.N. Pierron, [2003] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(02)01554-4 · EID: 2-s2.0-0037318038 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"The influence of a hydrided layer on the fracture of Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes" [2003] Hydrogen Effects on Material Behaviour and Corrosion Deformation Interactions - Proc. of the International Conference on Hydrogen Effects on Material Behaviour and Corrosion Deformation Interactions · EID: 2-s2.0-23844502711 | |
"The influence of hydride blisters on the fracture of Zircaloy-4" D.A. Koss, A.T. Motta, K.S. Chan, O.N. Pierron, [2003] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(03)00299-x · EID: 2-s2.0-0042784199 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"ASTM special technical publication: Discussion" [2002] ASTM Special Technical Publication · EID: 2-s2.0-8844286093 · ISSN: 0066-0558 | |
"Electric-field gradients at the Zr sites in (formula presented)Measured using perturbed-angular-correlation spectroscopy and calculated using band theory" Stephen E. Cumblidge, Gary L. Catchen, Sergio B. Legoas, Andrea Paesano, Livio Amaral, Arthur T. Motta, [2002] Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics · DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.65.014115 · EID: 2-s2.0-85038309768 · ISSN: 1550-235X | |
"Electric-field gradients at the Zr sites in Zr |
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"Mechanical property testing of irradiated Zircaloy cladding under reactor transient conditions"
S Majumda, H Tsai, TS Bray, DA Koss, AT Motta, MC Billone, RS Daum,
[2002]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp10821s
· EID: 2-s2.0-0036399903
· ISSN: 0066-0558
Specimen geometries have been developed to determine the mechanical properties of irradiated Zircaloy cladding subjected to the mechanical conditions and temperatures associated with reactivity-initiated accidents (RIA) and loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA). Miniature ring-stretch specimens were designed to induce both uniaxial and plane-strain states of stress in the transverse (hoop) direction of the cladding. Also, longitudinal tube specimens were also designed to determine the constitutive properties in the axial direction. Finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental parameters and results were closely coupled to optimize an accurate determination of the stress-strain response and to induce fracture behavior representative of accident conditions. To determine the constitutive properties, a procedure was utilized to transform measured values of load and displacement to a stress-strain response under complex loading states. Additionally, methods have been developed to measure true plastic strains in the gauge section and the initiation of failure using real-time data analysis software. Strain rates and heating conditions have been selected based on their relevance to the mechanical response and temperatures of the cladding during the accidents. |
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"On the embrittlement of zircaloy-4 under RIA-relevant conditions"
S Majumdar, DW Bates, AT Motta, DA Koss, MC Billone, RS Daum,
[2002]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp11412s
· EID: 2-s2.0-8844246412
· ISSN: 0066-0558
The extended use of Zircaloy cladding in light water reactors degrades its mechanical properties by a combination of irradiation embrittlement, coolant-side oxidation, hydrogen pickup, and hydride formation. The hydrides are usually concentrated in the form of a dense layer or rim near the cooler outer surface of the cladding. Utilizing plane-strain ringstretch tests to approximate the loading path in a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) transient, we examined the influence of a hydride rim on the fracture behavior of unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding at room temperature and 300°C. Failure is sensitive to hydride-rim thickness such that cladding tubes with a hydride-rim thickness >100 μm (≈700 wppm total hydrogen) exhibit brittle behavior, while those with a thickness <90 μm (≈600 wppm) remain ductile. The mechanism of failure is identified as strain-induced crack initiation within the hydride rim and failure within the uncracked ligament due to either a shear instability or damage-induced fracture. We also report some preliminary results of the uniaxial tensile behavior of low-Sn Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes in a cold-worked, stress-relieved condition in the transverse (hoop) direction at strain rates of 0.001/s and 0.2/s and temperatures of 26 to 400°C. |
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"Synchrotron radiation study of secondphase particles and alloying elements in zirconium alloys"
KT Erwin, O Delaire, RC Birtcher, Y Chu, J Maser, DC Mancini, B Lai, AT Motta,
[2002]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp11383s
· EID: 2-s2.0-8844250079
· ISSN: 0066-0558
We have conducted a study of second phase particles and matrix alloying element concentrations in zirconium alloys using synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. The high flux of synchrotron radiation delivered at the 2BM beamline, compared to conventional X-ray generators, enables the detection of very small precipitate volume fractions. We detected the standard C14 hep Zr(Cr,Fe)2 precipitates (the stable second phase in Zircaloy-4) in the bulk material at a cumulative annealing parameter as low as 10-20 h, and we followed the kinetics of precipitation and growth as a function of the cumulative annealing parameter (CAP) in the range 10-22 (quench) to 10-16 h. In addition, the unique combination of spatial resolution and elemental sensitivity of the 2ID-D/E microbeam line at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne (APS) allows study of the alloying element concentrations at ppm levels in an area as small as 0.2 X 0.3 μm. We used X-ray fluorescence induced by this sub-micron X-ray beam to determine the concentration of these alloying elements in the matrix as a function of alloy type and thermal history. We discuss these results and the potential of synchrotron radiation-based techniques for studying zirconium alloys. |
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"Atomistic simulations of point defects in ZrNi intermetallic compounds" A.T. Motta, N.Q. Lam, L. Amaral, C.S. Moura, [2001] Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · DOI: 10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00426-8 · EID: 2-s2.0-0035363733 · ISSN: 0168-583X | |
"Grain growth in Zr-Fe multilayers under in situ ion irradiation" A. Paesano, R.C. Birtcher, L. Amaral, A.T. Motta, [2001] Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · DOI: 10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00644-3 · EID: 2-s2.0-0035301867 · ISSN: 0168-583X | |
"Hyperfine interactions of 181Ta in Zr |
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"Observation of second-phase particles in bulk zirconium alloys using synchrotron radiation" Olivier Delaire, Arthur T. Motta, Yong S. Chu, Derrick C. Mancini, Robert C. Birtcher, Kenneth T. Erwin, [2001] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(01)00436-6 · EID: 2-s2.0-0035311499 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Point defect energetics in the ZrNi and Zr |
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"Radiation hardening in BWR core shrouds: Relative roles of neutron and gamma irradiation"
AT Motta, J Kwon,
[2001]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp13648s
· EID: 2-s2.0-0035555118
· ISSN: 0066-0558
We present a calculation of the displacement rates and freely migrating defect production caused by neutron and gamma irradiation and their roles on causing irradiation hardening in a BWR core shroud. We find that the neutron displacement rate is much higher than the gamma displacement rate, but that the freely-migrating defects produced by gamma irradiation are significant compared to those produced by neutrons. We evaluate the influence of gamma and neutron irradiation on hardening using a point defect clustering model. We find that the influence of gamma irradiation on radiation hardening in the core shroud is small compared to that for neutron irradiation. |
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"Effects of neutron irradiation and thermal annealing on model alloys using positron annihilation techniques" [2000] Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series · EID: 2-s2.0-0034460631 · ISSN: 0307-0492 | |
"Gamma displacement cross-sections in various materials" Arthur T. Motta, Junhyun Kwon, [2000] Annals of Nuclear Energy · DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4549(00)00024-4 · EID: 2-s2.0-0342521623 · ISSN: 0306-4549 | |
"Strain localization in sheet metal containing a geometric defect" D. A. Koss, A. T. Motta, T. M. Link, [2000] Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science · DOI: 10.1007/s11661-006-0240-6 · EID: 2-s2.0-0034229226 · ISSN: 1073-5623 | |
"Amorphization of Zr |
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"Defects and magnetic hyperfine fields in ZrFe |
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"Effect of radiation damage on BWR core-shroud cracking" [1999] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0032591967 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Examination of neutron-irradiated pressure-vessel steel using positron annihilation lifetime spectrosopy" [1999] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0032591970 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Hydrogen-assisted failure of Alloys X-750 and 625 under low strain-rate conditions" [1999] Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors - · EID: 2-s2.0-0033489374 | |
"Phase formation in Zr-Fe multilayers: Effect of irradiation"
A. Paesano, R. C. Birtcher, M. E. Brückmann, S. R. Teixeira, L. Amaral, A. T. Motta,
[1999]
Journal of Applied Physics
· DOI: 10.1063/1.370526
· EID: 2-s2.0-0001367127
· ISSN: 0021-8979
We have conducted a detailed in situ study of phase formation in Zr–Fe metallic multilayers using irradiation and thermal annealing. Metallic multilayers with near equiatomic and Fe-rich overall compositions and with repetition thicknesses ranging from 7.4 to 33 nm were either irradiated with 300 keV Kr ions at various temperatures (from 17 to 623 K) or thermally annealed at 773 K while being observed in situ. The kinetics of multilayer reaction were monitored by following the diffraction patterns. For near equiatomic samples, irradiation causes complete amorphization. The dose to amorphization increases in proportion to the square of the wavelength, indicating a process controlled by atomic transport. Amorphization was also achieved by 900 keV electron irradiation at 25 K showing that displacement cascades are not required. The critical dose to amorphization was independent of temperature below room temperature and decreased above room temperature. The activation energy for this second process is 0.17 eV. For the temperature range studied, diffraction from Zr disappears first, indicating that amorphization takes place in the Zr layer by atomic transport of Fe from the Fe layers. These results are consistent with a combination of simple ballistic mixing at low temperature and either simple diffusion or radiation-enhanced diffusion at higher temperatures. Thermal annealing of the equiatomic samples at 773 K produced the same reaction products with slower kinetics. Ion irradiation of Fe-rich samples did not cause complete amorphization and intermetallic compounds Zr3Fe and ZrFe2 were observed in longer wavelength samples. Amorphization of Fe-rich samples was more sluggish, likely because there was competition with formation of other phases. The reaction kinetics were not proportional to square of wavelength for Fe-rich samples, indicating a process that depends on more than atomic transport. Thermal annealing at 773 K of a long wavelength, 57% Fe sample resulted in intermetallic compounds Zr3Fe and ZrFe2 which amorphized during subsequent irradiation. The ease of amorphization of equiatomic samples relative to Fe-rich samples can be explained by a narrower, single minimum free energy curve for the amorphous phase. |
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"Failure of Zircaloy cladding under transverse plane-strain deformation" D.A. Koss, A.T. Motta, T.M. Link, [1998] Nuclear Engineering and Design · DOI: 10.1016/s0029-5493(98)00284-2 · EID: 2-s2.0-0032310347 · ISSN: 0029-5493 | |
"Phase formation in Zr/Fe multilayers during Kr ion irradiation" [1998] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0031639114 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Radiation effects in crystalline ceramics for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium"
R. C. Ewing, C. R. A. Catlow, T. Diaz de la Rubia, L. W. Hobbs, C. Kinoshita, Hj. Matzke, A. T. Motta, M. Nastasi, E. K. H. Salje, E. R. Vance, S. J. Zinkle, W. J. Weber,
[1998]
Journal of Materials Research
· DOI: 10.1557/jmr.1998.0205
· EID: 2-s2.0-0142151450
· ISSN: 0884-2914
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-knowledge of radiation effects in crystalline ceramics that may be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium. The current understanding of radiation damage processes, defect generation, microstructure development, theoretical methods, and experimental methods are reviewed. Fundamental scientific and technological issues that offer opportunities for research are identified. The most important issue is the need for an understanding of the radiation-induced structural changes at the atomic, microscopic, and macroscopic levels, and the effect of these changes on the release rates of radionuclides during corrosion. |
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"Amorphization of intermetallic compounds under irradiation - A review" Arthur T. Motta, [1997] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(96)00740-4 · EID: 2-s2.0-0031547433 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Ion-beam mixing and solid-state reaction in Zr-Fe multilayers" [1997] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0030646629 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Neutron damage in reactor pressure-vessel steel examined with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy" [1997] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0030687783 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"The formation of bubbles in Zr alloys under Kr ion irradiation" A.T. Motta, R.C. Birtcher, L. Pagano, [1997] Journal of Nuclear Materials · DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(96)00757-x · EID: 2-s2.0-0031547194 · ISSN: 0022-3115 | |
"Application of ion-beam-analysis techniques to the study of irradiation damage in zirconium alloys" D. Phillips, H. Zou, J. Forster, R. Siegele, J.A. Davies, A.T. Motta, J.A. Faldowski, P.R. Okamoto, L.M. Howe, [1996] Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · DOI: 10.1016/0168-583x(96)80117-0 · EID: 2-s2.0-0030565183 · ISSN: 0168-583X | |
"Bubble formation in Zr alloys under heavy ion implantation" [1996] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0029748729 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Effect on electron energy on amorphization of ZrCr The influence of electron energy on the amorphization of ZrCr2 at 25 K was measured. Amorphization was observed at electron energies from 900 to 330 keV. The dose-to-amorphization increases with decreasing electron energy with two steps, one at 700 keV corresponding to the decrease in the Zr displacement cross section due to the approaching displacement threshold of Zr and one at 500 keV corresponding to an appreciable decrease in the displacement cross section of Cr due to the approaching displacement threshold for Cr. At lower electron energies, it is believed that amorphization occurs principally through a secondary displacement mechanism, where light impurity atoms (mainly O) are displaced by electrons and displace in turn the heavier atoms. By fitting the results using electron displacement cross sections, we find the displacement energies in each sublattice to be EdZr=22 eV, EdCr=23 eV, EdO=4 eV. |
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"In situ studies of phase transformations in zirconium alloys and compounds under irradiation"
JA Faldowski, LM Howe, PR Okamoto, AT Motta,
[1996]
ASTM Special Technical Publication
· DOI: 10.1520/stp16190s
· EID: 2-s2.0-0030284964
· ISSN: 0066-0558
The High Voltage Electron Microscope (HVEM)/Tandem facility at Argonne National Laboratory has been used to conduct detailed studies of the phase stability and microstructural evolution in zirconium alloys and compounds under ion and electron irradiation. Detailed kinetic studies of the crystalline-to-amorphous transformation of the intermetallic compounds Zr3(Fe1-x,Nix), Zr(Fe1-x,Crx)2, Zr3Fe, and Zr1.5Nb1.5Fe, both as second phase precipitates and in bulk form, have been performed using the in situ capabilities of the Argonne facility under a variety of irradiation conditions (temperature, dose rate). Results include a verification of a dose rate effect on amorphization and the influence of material variables (stoichiometry x, presence of stacking faults, crystal structure) on the critical temperature and on the critical dose for amorphization. Studies were also conducted of the microstructural evolution under irradiation of specially tailored binary and ternary model alloys. The stability of the ω-phase in Zr-20%Nb under electron and Ar ion irradiation was investigated as well as the β-phase precipitation in Zr-2.5%Nb under Ar ion irradiation. The ensemble of these results is discussed in terms of theoretical models of amorphization and of irradiation-altered solubility. |
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"Influence of stacking faults and alloy composition on irradiation induced amorphization of ZrCr |
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"Crystalline-to-amorphous transformation of intermetallic compounds in the Zr-Fe-M system induced by irradiation" [1995] Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · EID: 2-s2.0-0029238795 · ISSN: 0272-9172 | |
"Modeling water chemistry, electrochemical corrosion potential, and crack growth rate in the boiling water reactor heat transport circuits - I: the damage-predictor algorithm" Digby D. Macdonald, Arthur T. Motta, Tsung-Kuang Yeh, [1995] Nuclear Science and Engineering · DOI: 10.13182/nse95-a24148 · EID: 2-s2.0-0029406351 · ISSN: 0029-5639 | |
"Amorphization kinetics of Zr(Cr, Fe) |
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"Amorphization kinetics of Zr |
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Source: ORCID/CrossRef using DOI |
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The Nuclear Science User Facilities (NSUF) is the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy's only designated nuclear energy user facility. Through peer-reviewed proposal processes, the NSUF provides researchers access to neutron, ion, and gamma irradiations, post-irradiation examination and beamline capabilities at Idaho National Laboratory and a diverse mix of university, national laboratory and industry partner institutions.
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